At 1 month, 72 participants (36%) in the treatment groups and 54 (28%) in the control group had a positive outcome (risk difference, 8% ). Participants with a positive outcome were followed through 3 months.įor the primary outcome, no differences were found in the mean reduction in average pain scores between the treatment and control groups for patients with neuropathic pain (-0.1 points ), nociceptive pain (-0.3 points ), or mixed pain (-0.3 points ), or for all patients (-0.3 points ). Secondary outcomes included Short Form-36 Health Survey scores, satisfaction, and categorical response.

A positive categorical response was a reduction in pain score of 2 or more points coupled with a score above 3 on a 5-point satisfaction scale. The primary outcome measure was average pain score 1 month after treatment. Pain creams compounded for neuropathic pain (ketamine, gabapentin, clonidine, and lidocaine), nociceptive pain (ketoprofen, baclofen, cyclobenzaprine, and lidocaine), or mixed pain (ketamine, gabapentin, diclofenac, baclofen, cyclobenzaprine, and lidocaine), or placebo. (: NCT02497066).ģ99 patients with localized pain classified by each patient's treating physician as neuropathic (n = 133), nociceptive (n = 133), or mixed (n = 133). Randomized controlled trials of 3 interventions.

To determine the efficacy of compounded creams for chronic pain. The use of compounded topical pain creams has increased dramatically, yet their effectiveness has not been well evaluated.

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